Diversity of Sergestid Shrimp Acetes (Order Decapoda) in Selected Sites of Sarawak Coastal Water and Its Autecology
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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
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Sergestid shrimps Acetes, locally known as ‘bubok’ in Sarawak is a valuable marine resource that supports the livelihood of the coastal communities, particularly during the blooming season (March –April). The shrimps play a significant role in transporting primary producers and consumers energy to higher trophic levels. Sergestid shrimp fishery in Sarawak depends heavily on traditional knowledge and practices, halting the sustainable utilization of this valuable resource. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the diversity of Acetes living along the coastal water of Sarawak (Miri, Lundu, Telaga Air) based on morphological assessment and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene analysis and to analyse the interactions between the abundance of Acetes with selected environmental parameters namely dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity, total suspended solid (TSS) and chlorophyll a (chl a) as well as the presence of zooplankton (diet of Acetes) in coastal water of Miri, Sarawak. A total of four species of Acetes were identified living in Sarawak coastal water namely Acetes erythraeus, A. serrulatus, A. indicus and A. japonicus. Three species of Acetes were recorded in the coastal water of Miri namely A. erythraeus, A. serrulatus and A. japonicus. Two species were found in the coastal water of Telaga Air namely A. serrulatus and A. indicus while only one species in the coastal water of Lundu namely A. erythraeus. Single species namely A. erythraeus was recorded for the first time for coastal water of Sarawak. DNA barcoding of A. erythraeus and A. serrulatus using CO1 gene had successfully supported species identification using the morphological assessment method. This gene marker was able to differentiate wild sergestid shrimp populations based on geographical locations. Catch composition in Miri coastal water for five sampling months (May 2017, August 2017, November 2017, March 2018, April 2018) comprised of 26 species namely Alectis ciliaris, Arius maculatus, Kurtus indicus, Plotosus iv lineatus, Nibea soldado, Dussumieria elopoides, Opisthopterus tardoore, Metapenaeus affinis, Exopalaemon styliferus, Exhippolysmata ensirostris, M. brevicornis, Stolephorus sp., Secutor sp., Lactarius sp., Trichiurus sp., Harpiosquilla sp., Cynoglossus sp., Terapon sp., Setipinna sp., Leiognathus sp., Coilia sp., Drepane sp., Lagocephalus sp., A. erythraeus, A. serrulatus and A. japonicus. The dominant species was A. erythraeus while A. serrulatus and A. japonicus could only be found in small numbers during March 2018 sampling. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) shows that the abundance of A. erythraeus was influenced by four environmental parameters namely salinity, turbidity, TSS and chl a concentration. The presence of A. serrulatus and A. japonicus in Miri coastal water depends on the concentration of DO. Analysis of the zooplankton composition shows 19 taxa living in the coastal water of Miri where Paracalanus was the dominant taxon. Penilia was identified as the rarest taxon, recorded only in April 2018. Seven zooplankton taxa namely Paracalanus, Oithona, Acrocalanus, Sagitta, Penilia, zoea and polychaete larvae including zooplankton density influenced the presence of A. erythraeus in the coastal water of Miri. The findings imply that a combination of environmental factors influence the presence and blooming of Acetes in Miri coastal waters. It is hoped that the information gathered here could become a framework to develop sustainable management of this valuable resource, consequently benefiting local people living along the coastal areas.