THE INTERCONNECTION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TOWARDS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN SINGAPORE
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Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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This study investigates the interconnection between economic growth, energy consumption, and foreign direct investment (FDI) towards greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Singapore from 1990 to 2020. With Singapore's status as a global economic hub, balancing industrial expansion with environmental sustainability remains a significant challenge. The study employs time-series data analysis, utilizing multiple regression models and econometric techniques such as cointegration and Granger causality tests. Results indicate a positive correlation between GDP per capita, energy consumption, and GHG emissions, while FDI shows mixed effects depending on the sectoral distribution. Key findings reveal that transitioning to renewable energy and adopting green FDI strategies are pivotal to reducing emissions. The study concludes with policy recommendations to harmonize economic growth with environmental goals, offering insights for urbanized economies facing similar challenges