THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCY AMONG TRAINEE COUNSELORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA
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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
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The study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experience and leadership competencies among trainee counsellors in higher education institutions in Malaysia. This study utilised quantitative study with correlational research design to study the connection between adverse childhood experience and leadership competencies among trainee counsellors in higher education institutions in Malaysia. There were 85 respondents from UNIMAS, UMS and UPM involved in this study. Stratified random sampling was applied to determine the required sample size from the target population. Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE-Q) and Counselling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE) were used as instruments in this study. Theory of Erik Erikson Psychosocial Approach and John Bowlby Attachment Theory was applied to as the basis for this whole study. The data obtained were collected through questionnaires that were distributed online and computed into IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and analysed using Spearman Rank-Order Coefficients. Based on the findings, the results of the relationship between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and overall leadership competency (Micro-skills, Counseling process, Dealing with difficult client behavior, Cultural Competence, and Awareness of Value) was ρ=−.046, p=.676. Meanwhile for each aspects of leadership competency, the result were as follow; Micro-skills (ρ=−.016, p=.883), Counseling process (ρ=−.010, p=.928), Dealing with difficult client behavior (ρ=−.010 p=.930), Cultural competence (ρ=−.034, p=.759), and Awareness of value (ρ=−.035, p=.754). Overall, all the null hypotheses were accepted which concluded that there is no significant correlation between both variables. Therefore, it recommended for future researcher to employ larger and more diverse samples, use longitudinal designs, employ mixed-methods approaches, explore more granular and nuanced assessments of adversity, and critically examine potential mediating and moderating variables that might explain the complex interplay between ACEs and leadership competency. Overall, the recommendation can assist future researchers.