THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUPERVISORY WORKING ALLIANCE AND COUNSELLING COMPETENCIES AMONG TRAINEE COUNSELLORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
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This study investigates the relationship between the supervisory working alliance and counselling competencies among trainee counsellors in Malaysian higher education institutions. Specifically, it examines three dimensions of counselling competencies: counselling skills, professional disposition, and professional behavior. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving fourth-year trainee counsellors from five local universities currently engaged in practicum under the supervision of qualified counsellors. Data were collected using the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory-Trainee Version (SWAI-T) and the Counseling Competencies Scale (CCS). Findings aim to provide insights into how effective supervisory working alliance fosters competency development, which is critical for ensuring high standards in counselling practice. This research contributes to bridging gaps in Malaysian-based supervision studies and highlights the importance of culturally relevant supervision models in enhancing counsellor training. Practical implications for supervisors, educators, and policymakers in improving supervisory working alliance and competency assessments are also discussed.