Kata Kerja dalam Bahasa Iban: Suatu Analisis Morfologi Berdasarkan Teks-teks Berita Suara Sarawak
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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
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The Iban language has long been established as a written language and is taught as an elective subject at both school and public university levels. However, comprehensive research on the Iban language, particularly in formal registers, remains limited. This study presents findings that describe the derivational formation of Iban verbs in the news register. The description of Iban verb formation in this research applies the Systemic Grammar framework (Omar, 2015), which is based on the systemic-functional theory. The study utilises corpus data from news texts published in the Suara Sarawak newspaper. The analysis of verbs in this study involves formal sentence structures. The selected news texts focus on issues related to politics, economics, education, agriculture, social affairs, and disasters. A total of 120 news texts were analysed, comprising approximately 24,000 words. In total, 135 verbs were identified as data. In terms of word categorisation, it was found that action verbs were more frequently encountered than stative verbs. In word formation, the processes of affixation and nasal homorganic assimilation were found to be the most productive. Additionally, borrowing and compounding processes also contributed significantly to the enrichment of the Iban vocabulary. The Iban language borrows extensively from Malay and English. This study identified a total of 11 verb affixes. Compared to spoken language, verbs in formal writing such as news texts tend to employ more frequent use of prefixes and circumfixes such as be-, di-, te-, N-, N-...-ka, di-...-ka, be-...-ka, and te-...-ka. Moreover, the processes of affixation and nasal homorganic assimilation also trigger morphophonemic changes during the derivation of Iban words. The presence of nasal homorganic assimilation at the initial position of root words is a distinctive feature of the Iban language, which sets vi it apart from the affixation system in standard Malay. Indirectly, the findings of this study demonstrate the development of Iban verbs in the formal register, particularly in the context of news writing.