Proceedings of the STI 100^3 Programme: Applied Research on Environmental Sustainability at SMK Engkilili, Sri Aman, Sarawak

Abstract

The Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) 100³ Programme is a national initiative led by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Malaysia (MOSTI) to strengthen STEM culture through structured research and innovation activities at school level. The programme provides a platform for students to experience inquiry-based learning, develop basic research competencies and translate classroom knowledge into applied investigations that respond to real community and environmental needs. In line with this purpose, the programme nurtures scientific thinking, teamwork and communication skills while strengthening partnerships between schools, universities and national STI stakeholders.

This proceeding book compiles the STI 1003 Programme research activities conducted at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) Engkilili, Sri Aman, Sarawak, with a focus on applied research on environmental sustainability. The programme was supported by the Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) and facilitated by the UNIMAS YellowHippo STEM Squad, whose contributions strengthened student engagement and guided the implementation of project activities. This proceeding book was developed to provide a complete and structured record of the programme outputs, including student project documentation and related programme materials.

The proceedings book is structured into three main parts in order to ensure clear navigation and consistent presentation. Part I presents the Energy Management Projects which highlight student investigations and proposed solutions related to energy use, efficiency and practical improvements within the school environment. Part II covers the Waste Management Projects, documenting student work on waste identification, reduction strategies and sustainability focused practices. Part III compiles the Experimental Research Projects, which showcase laboratory and field-based activities that are not typically conducted in schools. These projects were included to expose students to hands on scientific practice through structured procedures, systematic observations and documented outputs.

The main purpose of this proceedings book is to demonstrate that scientific research should begin at school level, where early exposure is essential. Environmental sustainability remains a priority in education and community development, and this proceedings book provides a practical record of school-level scientific investigation and evidence-based interventions. Overall, this proceeding book is intended to encourage wider adoption of research-based learning approaches and nurture STEM education from school level in Sarawak rural areas.