Heritagization of Buddhist music in China: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Buddhist music has played a central role in traditional Chinese music since the Han Dynasty. Over time, societal changes have placed much of this musical heritage at risk of disappearing. In response, the Chinese government has actively strengthened efforts to safeguard and preserve Buddhist music as Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). The study of heritagization has recently gained attention in China due to its potential to influence the preservation, transmission, and development of Buddhist music. Heritagization is considered a key factor in ensuring the continuity and evolution of this musical tradition. To investigate this process, a systematic review of twenty relevant studies was conducted using SCOPUS, Web of Science, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, guided by the PRISMA framework, ensured a rigorous and reliable methodology. The findings indicate that heritagization has had a significant and transformative impact on Chinese Buddhist music. It supports conservation initiatives, facilitates ongoing transmission, and emphasizes the cultural value of the music through its recognition as ICH. Additionally, heritagization has contributed to the internationalization of Chinese Buddhist music, enhancing its global recognition and appreciation. This study highlights the important roles of ICH gatekeepers and practitioners in sustaining Chinese Buddhist music. Drawing on academic literature addressing ICH, heritagization, Buddhist rituals, and musical practices, the review synthesizes prior research to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and identify areas for further study. The findings are relevant to historians, musicologists, religious practitioners, and others engaged in the study and preservation of religious music, offering theoretical and practical insights for safeguarding this culturally significant tradition.