Evaluation on the Potential Application of Educational Animation Design Model for Virtual Reality-Based Learning

Abstract

This study aimed to improve the virtual reality (VR)-based educational animation design model for VR-based learning. The literature review shows that there is still limited information on (1) learners’ subjective preferences for design elements of 360° virtual environment and (2) how to better utilise the design elements. Besides, a VRbased educational animation design model that comprises 41 design elements has been identified. However, such design model has yet to be evaluated in actual context and more information is needed for further refinement. The design model was evaluated in a focus group context, through proof-of-concept of educational animation, involving 19 university students, where users’ or learners’ experience (understanding and satisfaction) was examined. The focus group study consists of (1) pre-test and posttest, and (2) focus group interview. There was a significant average difference between the pre-test score and the post-test score (t(18) = 4.572, p < .001). From interview response, four new design elements that are not originally part of the design model were identified and were added to the design model. The four new design elements are: (1) ambiance sound, (2) clear resolution quality, (3) audio narration quality (appropriate sounding voice), and (4) audio narration quality (enunciation quality).