TVET Employability Model for the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Content Construct Validation and Expert Consensus Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method

Abstract

This study focuses on the development and validation of a TVET Employability Model to enhance Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) skills among diploma students in Public Skills Training Institutions (PSTIs) in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to examine expert consensus regarding the Industrial Revolution 4.0 skill constructs. A total of 10 questionnaire items representing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 skills were evaluated by a panel of experts. Content construct validation was conducted using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) based on a seven-point fuzzy scale involving 17 experts comprising counsellors, lecturers, and industry practitioners. The collected data were analysed using triangular fuzzy numbers, and the priority of each construct was determined through the defuzzification process. The findings indicated a high level of expert consensus (?75%) and defuzzification scores exceeding 0.5 for all constructs, confirming the suitability of the proposed model for application in career counselling and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). The model not only provides a structured instructional framework but also strengthens the role of career counselling as a strategic platform to assist students in planning, evaluating, and aligning their competencies with the evolving demands of Industry 4.0.