Indigenous Culture and Sustainable Reinterpretation: Bidayuh Art and Symbolism in Contemporary Design Innovation as a Heritage Preservation Practice

Abstract

This study examines the cultural symbolism, material heritage, and contemporary relevance of Bidayuh traditional attire from Sarawak, Malaysia, with a focus on its potential adaptation into sustainable modern fashion. Although the findings are based on feedback from 146 respondents, primarily from Generation Z, this demographic focus offers insights into a key emerging consumer group but limits generalizability beyond this cohort. The research employs a mixed-methods approach involving field observations, semi-structured interviews with Bidayuh artisans and community leaders, and a structured survey. Sustainability within the design process was guided by criteria such as digital prototyping to minimise production waste, preference for low-impact materials, and prioritising cultural longevity through ethical co-creation with indigenous artisans. The study documents the symbolic and aesthetic characteristics of Bidayuh textiles and motifs, highlighting representations of nature, spirituality, and communal identity through beadwork and woven patterns. Building on these findings, six Bidayuh-inspired contemporary outfits were developed and evaluated for their cultural authenticity, aesthetic appeal, and wearability. Results indicate strong acceptance among Gen Z respondents for designs that balance heritage with modernity. While the limited sample range remains a constraint, the study contributes to discussions on indigenous fashion innovation, cultural preservation, and sustainable design practices. It positions Bidayuh cultural elements as a valuable yet underexplored resource for Malaysia’s creative economy. It identifies directions for future research, including broader demographic sampling and the evaluation of environmental impacts using measurable sustainability frameworks.