Pembangunan Nuklear Korea Utara dan Hubungan dengan China Pada Era Kim Jong Un
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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
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North Korea‟s nuclear development issues have long been discussed by the international community especially after the Post-Cold War. In order to enhance national security and defense against external threats, North Korea intends to make their country as a nuclear state. However, North Korea‟s nuclear activities become a threat to the surrounding countries especially South Korea and Japan. During the reign of Kim Jong Un, North Korea‟s nuclear activities become very active and as a consequence, China shows its support to the UN Resolution 2270 in 2016. In order to comply with the Resolution, trading activities with North Korea have been blocked by China. The first objective of this study is to discuss the development of North Korea nuclear weapons before Kim Jong Un and the relationship between North Korea and China. Meanwhile, the second objective is to investigate why Kim Jong Un actively conducted and consistently improved the development of North Korea nuclear weapons and missiles as well as China‟s reaction towards the issue. The final objective of this study is to analyze the impact of rapid nuclear development to North Korea and the changes in China‟s policy towards their bilateral relationship during Kim Jong Un era. The deterrence concept, offensive-defensive and bilateral relations are applied in this study because they emphasize the important to protect the national interest. This study uses qualitative method with data collection through desktop research and interviews. The finding of the thesis shows that North Korea has developed its nuclear as early as 1959 and subsequently conducted two nuclear tests before Kim Jong Un era. The development of North Korean nuclear capability did not deter good bilateral relations with China until the first nuclear test in 2006. North Korea continues to develop actively its nuclear during Kim Jung Un era as nuclear program is part of vi its “Byungjin” policy. China actions to support the UN Resolution on restricting trade activities with North Korea has strained the bilateral relations. The constant changes in China‟s policy and actions towards North Korea had forced Kim Jong Un to be more open to normalize and strengthen relations with South Korea and the United States.