Growth and soil responses of Zea mays to coconut husk–based compost amended with chicken manure

Abstract

Coconut husk (Cocos nucifera) is often discarded as waste, resulting in pollution and the loss of natural resources. This study evaluated the effectiveness of compost made from coconut husk, chicken manure, and molasses on the growth performance and chlorophyll status of Zea mays (maize), as well as selected soil chemical properties. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used to test six treatments: one control (chicken manure) and five compost rates (20 g to 100 g per plant), each replicated four times. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and biomass were measured as key growth parameters. Standard analytical procedures were used to analyze soil pH, EC, TOC, OM, and exchangeable acidity (Al and H). The results showed that higher compost application significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and above-ground biomass at the 80 g and 100 g rates. Soil pH shifted towards neutrality, and nutrient availability increased, particularly for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, higher application rates also increased EC, indicating potential salt accumulation. Root biomass responded most at 60 g, suggesting this rate maximized benefits. The study recommends coconut husk compost as a suitable on-farm organic fertilizer due to its benefits for sustainable agriculture and waste recycling. A rate of 60–80 g per plant is suggested to maximize plant performance while minimizing negative impacts on soil health.