Potentially Enhanced Carpaine Extraction from In Vitro Samples Comparing to In Vivo Samples of Carica papaya L.: A Review

Abstract

In addition to being a fruit with diverse applications, Carica papaya L. is highly valued in the pharmaceutical industry for its potential as a source of medicinal compounds. It is also a commonly cultivated fruit in Malaysia. To meet the increasing demand for planting materials and to provide adequate resources for further research and development such as cell culture studies and the production of bioactive compounds, innovation in propagation and culture techniques is essential. Numerous studies on papaya tissue culture have demonstrated that somatic embryos can regenerate whole plants, indicating that papaya is a suitable candidate for somatic embryogenesis. An efficient papaya regeneration system has also been established to facilitate the extraction of bioactive compounds from both in vivo and in vitro sources. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an effective plant regeneration system for Carica papaya cultures prior to chemical extraction, as this ensures an adequate and sustainable supply of raw material. Moreover, the utilization of embryogenic cell suspension cultures holds great potential for the production of high-value compounds for pharmaceutical applications. Hence, the successful establishment of cell suspension cultures for the production of valuable secondary metabolites is both timely and essential, particularly for determining the optimal culture conditions that maximize the yield of bioactive compounds from plant cell cultures.